Nkhani

Kodi zimamveka bwanji kugwira ntchito m'malo amdima? Nyali zowala kwambiri zimathanso kusokoneza maso anu komanso thanzi lanu.

Kodi kuntchito kwanu kumayaka bwino bwanji? Kodi mababu amawala bwanji ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ati? Dipatimenti ya US Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration yakhazikitsa miyezo yowunikira kuti ikuwongolereni.

Kukhazikitsa malo abwino owunikira antchito anu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonjezera zokolola. Kuunikira kumapanga malo ogwirira ntchito. Zimatsimikizira momwe akumvera komanso kutonthozedwa kwa ogwira ntchito. Poganizira izi, mungadabwe kuti ndi miyezo iti yowunikira yomwe ili yoyenera malo anu ogwirira ntchito?

Pitilizani kuwerenga malangizo awa owunikira ntchito kuti muwongolere malo anu antchito.

MALAMULO OYATSA NTCHITO MALINGA NDI OSHA

Dipatimenti ya US Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) imafalitsa miyeso yokwanira. Amawonetsetsa kuti pamakhala malo otetezeka ogwira ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale onse. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1971, bungweli lasindikiza mazana a miyezo ndi malangizo achitetezo.

Malamulo a OSHA okhudza kuyatsa kwapantchito amatengera mulingo womwe umadziwika kuti Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout). Kuphatikiza pa mapulogalamu otsekera / Tagout, olemba anzawo ntchito amayenera kutsatira njira zina akayatsa malo antchito.

OSHA imadalira Gawo 5193 la Energy Policy Act ya 1992 kuti ipereke malangizo kwa olemba ntchito kuti azikhala ndi malo abwino ogwirira ntchito. Gawo ili la lamuloli likufuna kuti nyumba zonse zamaofesi zizisunga kuwala kochepa. Uku ndikuchepetsa kuwala ndikupereka malo otetezeka kwa ogwira ntchito.

Komabe, mchitidwewu sutchula milingo yocheperako yowunikira. M'malo mwake zimafuna kuti olemba anzawo ntchito aziwunika momwe amaunikira kuti akwaniritse zosowa za ogwira ntchito.

Kuunikira kokwanira kumadalira mtundu wa ntchitoyo ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwala kokwanira kuyenera kupezeka kuti ogwira ntchito azigwira ntchito zawo mosamala komanso moyenera.

Kuwala kumayezedwa ndi makandulo a mapazi ndipo kuyenera kukhala ndi makandulo osachepera mapazi khumi pansi. Kapenanso, ikhoza kukhala 20% ya kuunikira kwapakati pazantchito.

MFUNDO ZOYANGITSA NTCHITO

Makampani ambiri amanyalanyaza kuyatsa kwamaofesi komanso mababu osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Iwo akuphonya phindu la kuyatsa kwakukulu. Sizidzangopangitsa antchito kukhala osangalala komanso opindulitsa, komanso zidzapulumutsa ndalama zamagetsi.

Chinsinsi ndicho kupeza kuwala koyenera. Kodi muyenera kuyang'ana chiyani mu babu?

1. Gwiritsani ntchito babu yamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri
2. Nyali za LED zomwe zimatha kuwirikiza nthawi 25 kuposa mababu a fulorosenti
3. Ayenera kukhala Energy Star ovotera
4. Kutentha kwamtundu kukhala kozungulira 5000K

5000 K ndi kutentha kwamtundu wa masana achilengedwe. Si buluu kwambiri ndipo si chikasu kwambiri. Mutha kupeza zonsezi mu nyali ya fulorosenti, koma sizikhala nthawi yayitali ngati nyali za LED. Nawa miyezo ingapo yowunikira ntchito yomwe yafotokozedwa.

Yoyamba mwamiyezo yotereyi ndiyofunikira pakuwunikira (lux). Ndikofunikira kuti kuunikira kwapakati kuyenera kukhala osachepera 250 lux. Izi zili pansi pa mtengo wa 5 by 7-foot fulorescent lightbox pamtunda wa pafupifupi 6 mapazi kuchokera pansi.

Kuwala koteroko kumapereka kuwala kokwanira kwa ogwira ntchito kuti azitha kuwona popanda kupukuta maso awo.

Yachiwiri mwamiyezo yotere ndiyo kuunikira kovomerezeka (lux) pantchito zinazake. Mwachitsanzo, zowunikira zochepa zophikira kukhitchini ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 1000 lux. Pokonzekera chakudya, ayenera kukhala 500 lux.

NTCHITO ZOYENERA MFUNDO MFUNDO

Kuunikira ndi gawo lofunikira la malo ogwirira ntchito. Ikhoza kukhazikitsa kamvekedwe ka malo, kupanga chidwi, ndi kupititsa patsogolo zokolola za antchito.

Kuunikira kofunikira mumlengalenga kumadalira zinthu zingapo. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha zowunikira zapakati pazantchito zosiyanasiyana.

MALO OGWIRITSIRA NTCHITO NDI NTCHITO ZAKE

Zofunikira zowunikira zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa ntchito mu danga. Mwachitsanzo, chipinda chokhalamo chimakhala ndi zofunikira zowunikira zosiyana ndi kalasi.

Malo okhala ndi kuwala kochuluka sadzakhala bwino kupuma ndi kugona. Kuda kwambiri kungalepheretse kukhazikika komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera. Kupeza kufanana pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima ndi nkhani yofunika.

NTHAWI YA TSIKU

Kuwala kumafunikanso kusintha tsiku lonse. Mwachitsanzo, malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masana adzakhala ndi zofunikira zowunikira zosiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito usiku.

Masana amatcha kuwala kwachilengedwe ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mazenera kapena ma skylights kuti mupindule. Magetsi ochita kupanga ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masana ngati ntchitoyo ikufuna kuwona chophimba. Magetsi amenewa akagwiritsidwa ntchito usiku, angayambitse mutu komanso mavuto a maso.

NTHAWI YA CHAKA

Kuunikira kumafunikanso kusintha chaka chonse. Mwachitsanzo, malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyengo yozizira angafunikire kuyatsa kuposa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilimwe.

Malinga ndi zimene ananena Dr. Michael V. Vitiello, pulofesa wa matenda a maso pa yunivesite ya California ku Los Angeles (UCLA), kuti maso athu amafunikira kuwala kwina kuti awone bwino. Ngati ndi yowala kwambiri, ana athu amachepa, zomwe zidzatipangitsa kuti tisamaone bwino.

KUCHULUKA KWA KUWULA KWACHILENGEDWE KULIPO

Ngati palibe kuwala kwachilengedwe kokwanira, kuunikira kochita kupanga kudzafunika. Kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndi kutentha kwa mtundu kumasiyana malinga ndi kupezeka kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe.

Mukakhala ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe, kuyatsa komwe kumafunikira kumachepa.

NTHAWI YOMWE MALO AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO

Kuunikira m'chipinda chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa kumasiyana ndi kuunikira m'chipinda kwa nthawi yayitali. Chovalacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, mosiyana ndi chipinda monga khitchini.

Kwa aliyense, dziwani njira yoyenera yowunikira.

KONZEKERA MALO ANU A NTCHITO KUWIRIRA LERO

Malo owala bwino ndi ofunikira kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro oyenera, zokolola, ndi thanzi. Malo onse ayenera kuyatsidwa mofanana kuti atsimikizire kuti malo anu ogwira ntchito akukwaniritsa miyezo yowunikirayi. Ayenera kukhala ndi kuwala kokwanira popanda kuoneka mwaukali kwambiri kapena monyengerera.

Chithunzi cha OSTOOMimapereka njira zowunikira mitundu yonse yamalo ogwirira ntchito. Timapereka zinthu ndi ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri kwa makasitomala athu. Lumikizanani nafe lero kuti mupeze njira zoyenera zowunikira.